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Robert Pappalardo

Principal Scientist
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
4800 Oak Grove Drive
Pasadena, CA 91109

http://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Pappalardo

Pappalardo's research focuses on processes that have shaped the icy satellites of the outer solar system, especially Europa and the role of its probable subsurface ocean. Europa research includes the possibility that solid-state convection has played an important role in the satellite's history, investigation of regions of separation and spreading of the satellite's icy lithosphere, and implications of the surface geology for lithospheric properties and the existence of a liquid water ocean beneath the icy surface. Additional recent research involves the nature, origin, and evolution of bright grooved terrain on Jupiter's moon Ganymede, specifically the style of tectonism and implications for the satellite's geological history. Also, he is investigating the geological implications of geyser-like activity on Saturn's moon Enceladus.

Title 1: Exploring Europa

Abstract 1:

Jupiter's moon Europa may be a habitable world. Galileo spacecraft data suggest that an ocean lurks beneath its frozen ice surface. A paucity of large craters argues for a young surface and recent geological activity, and magnetometry confirms that a salty ocean persists today. Europa’s ocean and surface are inherently linked. Tidal deformation of the floating ice shell generates stresses that fracture and deform the surface to create ridges and bands. Dark spots, domes, and chaos are probably related to tidally driven ice convection and partial melting. Europa’s activity permits the “ingredients” necessary for life to be present within the satellite’s ocean. Astonishing geology and high astrobiological potential make Europa a top priority for future spacecraft exploration.

Title 2: Ices and Oceans in the Outer Solar System

Abstract 2:

On Earth, everywhere there is water, there is life, so it is reasonable that the search for life in our solar system focuses on the search for water. Where it is found will indicate the best places to continue the search to understand whether life actually exists there. If so, why; and just as important: if not, why not. The solar system’s most promising candidate for an ocean beyond Earth lies beneath the icy surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa. Europa is one of the most geophysically and astrobiologically fascinating bodies in our solar system. Its exploration is key in advancing our understanding of habitable zones in our solar system, and other solar systems. In addition to Europa, oceans might exist within other icy satellites as well, including Ganymede, Titan, Triton, and perhaps even tiny Enceladus. We will take a tour focusing on Europa, but also visiting other icy bodies, and the possible oceans within. The interior oceans of icy bodies may be the most common habitats for life in the universe, and we would be remiss not to explore them.

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